Paprastasis ežys
(Erinaceus europaeus L.)
Ežys arba paprastasis ežys - tai vabzdžiaėdžių (Insectivora) būrio gyvūnas, priklausantis ežinių (Erinaceidae) šeimai. Nugara ir dalis šonų apaugę spygliais, kurių ilgis siekia iki 3 cm. Suaugę ežiai turi apie 5000 +– 6000 spyglių. Jauni ežiai turi tik apie 3000 spyglių.
Paprastai, ežiai gyvena miškų pakraščiuose, parkuose, soduose, laukuose, savanose, stepėse, dykumose. Ežiai slepiasi po kelmais, išvirtusiais medžiais, po akmenimis, tankiuose krūmuose, taip pat rausia urvus.
Ežiukai gamtoje minta uogomis, vaisiais, šaknimis, tačiau pirmenybę visgi teikia gyviems padarams: įvairiems vabzdžiams, moliuskams, šliužams, sraigėms bei gyvatėmis. Taip pat minta dvėseliena. Jie yra atsparūs gyvačių nuodams.
Spalio – lapkričio mėnesiais dauguma ežių užmiega žiemos miegu. Žiemos miego metu sulėtėja fiziologiniai procesai, kūno temperatūra nukrinta 5-6 laipsniais. Pavasarį kovo - balandžio mėnesiais, kylant temperatūrai, ežio širdis ima plakti tankiau. Miego metu organizmas naudoja sukauptas riebalų atsargas, visi gyvybiniai procesai veikia labai taupiu rėžimu: sulėtėja medžiagų apykaita, kvėpavimas, širdies plakimas, nukrinta kūno temperatūra. Šis procesas vadinamas hibernacija. Ežiai prabunda, kai aplinkos temperatūra pakyla iki 15 laipsnių. Stipriai atšilus žiemos metu, ežiai taip pat gali prabusti.
Poruojasi kovo-balandžio mėn. Nėštumas trunka 6-7 savaites. Per sezoną ji pagimdo 1-2 jauniklių vadas. Vadoje dažniausiai būna 3-5 jaunikliai. Poros vaikai gimsta apaugę minkštais šviesiais spygliukais. Praregi po 14-18 dienų.
Ežiai turi gan unikalią raumenų sistemą, gindamasis ežys susiriečia į taisyklingą kamuoliuką, paslėpdamas savo snukutį bei kitas lengvai pažeidžiamas kūno dalis. Nors tiesa, gamtoje yra gyvūnų kurie visgi ežiukams yra pavojingi. Pavyzdžiui: apuokas, lapė, barsukas. Šie plėšrūnai ežį suėda su visais spygliais.
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